Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography: A Review

163 In: McArthur, E. Durant; Fairbanks, Daniel J., comps. 2001. Shrubland ecosystem genetics and biodiversity: proceedings; 2000 June 13–15; Provo, UT. Proc. RMRS-P-21. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Angela D. Yu is a Graduate Student, Department of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0030. Simon A. Lei is a Biology and Ecology Professor at the Community College of Southern Nevada, 6375 West Charleston Boulevard, WDB, Las Vegas, NV 891461139. Abstract—The topography, climatic pattern, location, and origin of islands generate unique patterns of species distribution. The equilibrium theory of island biogeography creates a general framework in which the study of taxon distribution and broad island trends may be conducted. Critical components of the equilibrium theory include the species-area relationship, island-mainland relationship, dispersal mechanisms, and species turnover. Because of the theoretical similarities between islands and fragmented mainland landscapes, reserve conservation efforts have attempted to apply the theory of island biogeography to improve continental reserve designs, and to provide insight into metapopulation dynamics and the SLOSS debate. However, due to extensive negative anthropogenic activities, overexploitation of resources, habitat destruction, as well as introduction of exotic species and associated foreign diseases (biological invasions), island conservation has recently become a pressing issue itself. The objective of this article is to analyze previously published data, and to review theories from numerous research studies that attempt to explain species patterns on islands. In effect, this analysis brings insight into current issues of continental reserve design and island conservation efforts.